Pigeons are mainly seed and grain eaters. In the wild they eat seeds, grains, buds, leaves, berries and small amounts of insects, worms and snails. City pigeons add whatever people drop. Pet and racing pigeons do best on a pigeon seed mix with grit, fresh water and some greens. For a list of everyday foods and whether they are safe, see what can pigeons eat.
What wild pigeons eat
The RSPCA describes the UK pigeon diet as mainly seeds and grains such as oats, wheat and millet, with buds, berries (elder, holly, ivy, hawthorn), nuts, leafy greens and small invertebrates when food is scarce.
What city pigeons eat
Feral pigeons in towns forage on pavements and in parks for seeds and crumbs. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife notes they feed in open areas such as squares, rooftops, loading docks and anywhere people eat outdoors. Much of what they get from people, such as bread and chips, fills them up without giving them the nutrients they need.
What pet and racing pigeons eat
- A pigeon seed and grain mix, usually including maize, wheat, peas, barley and smaller seeds. Racing fanciers use different mixes for racing, breeding and moulting (see best pigeon food).
- Grit, which helps the gizzard grind seed and supplies minerals (see do pigeons need grit).
- Some greens, finely chopped.
- Fresh water every day (see what do pigeons drink).
VCA Animal Hospitals point out that seed-only diets are low in calcium and vitamin A, which is why many keepers add a bird vitamin and mineral supplement or pellets.
Do pigeons eat insects, worms and slugs?
Yes, a little. Wild and feral pigeons will eat insects, worms, snails and slugs when they find them, especially during breeding. They are a small part of the diet compared with seeds.
Do pigeons eat mice, fish or other birds?
Pigeons are not predators. Their soft beaks and lack of teeth (see pigeon anatomy) suit seeds and soft food. Stories of pigeons eating meat usually involve scavenged scraps.
What do baby pigeons eat?
For their first days, squabs live on crop milk made by both parents. After that, the milk is mixed with softened seed (see do pigeons produce milk). If you have found a baby pigeon, do not try to feed it yourself without advice. See how to take care of a baby pigeon.
Should you feed pigeons?
If you feed park pigeons, use a seed mix rather than bread and only put out what they eat quickly. The RSPCA advises not putting out seed between May and October in gardens, as it can help spread disease. Also see how to keep pigeons away if they are a problem.
FAQ
What is a pigeon’s favourite food?
Palomacy notes that overfed pigeons pick out their favourites, such as high-fat safflower, and leave the rest. Feeding only what they finish in a day keeps the diet balanced.
Can pigeons eat bread?
A little does no harm, but it should never be a main food. See what can pigeons eat.
How much does a pigeon eat?
US rescue Palomacy suggests starting pet pigeons on about two tablespoons of seed a day and adjusting so the bowl is empty by evening.
Sources
- RSPCA: Pigeons in the UK, facts and behaviour
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife: Domestic pigeons (rock doves)
- VCA Animal Hospitals: Feeding pigeons and doves
- PBS Nature: Pigeon fact sheet
- Palomacy: How to welcome pigeons into your life
- Canadian Council on Animal Care: Pigeons and doves (care guide)
Last updated 21 October 2026 · Nutrition